The History of Rostov-on-Don.
Every city , like any man ,
has its name and biography. Rostov-
on-Don was founded on
December 15, 1749, when the Temer-
nitskaya customhouse was set
up to control the trade with Tur-
key. The custom-house was built
according to the edict of the
Empress Elizabeth, the
daughter of Peter the Great. Not far from
the custom-house grew the
fortress that got the name of a Rus-
sian metropolitan Dmitri
Rostovsky. Later the name was chang-
ed to Rostov ( in 1806) and
then to Rostov-on Don.
Its favourable geographical
position on the crossing of trade rou-
tes promoted the rapid
economic development of the city. Ros-
tov became a busy trading
port which was visited by Russian ,
Italian , Greek , Turkish ,
and other foreign merchants. Its po-
pulation was 15 thousands in
1850 and 110 thousands at the be-
ginning of this century.
In the neighbourhood there
developed another town, founded in
1779 by the Grimean American,
who were granted shelter in the South of Russia. It was Nakhichevan-on-Don. A
wheat field was the border between two towns. Nowadays the central square
of Rostov-on-Don , Theatre Square, is situated and Nakichevan became part of
Rostov.ln Armenian “Nakhichevan” means “ The first halt”. Thousands of descendants
of the Gri- mean Armenians still live in our city.
During the Great Patriotic
war ( 1941-1945 ) Rostov was twice
occupied. The first
occupation was in autumn 1941. It lasted se-
ven days. In the plans of
Hitleris generals. Rostov was a city of
special importance : a
strategic railway knot and ariver port , a
gateway to the Caucasus
, rich in minerals , especially oil. The
city was badly damaged by
bombing . The best units of the Nazi
tank army were driven out op Rostov
. But in summer 1942 the
Nazi army managed to occypy
the second time. The second oc-
cypation lasted seven months.
It took ten years to raise the city
from the ruins and to make it
even more beautiful . Rostov has
been visited by many
outstanding people and many famous men
have lived here they are the
great Russian commander A.V
Suvorov , poets and writers
A.S.Pushkin, A.P.Chekhov , A.M.
Gorky, S.A. Yesenin,
A.N. Tolstoy, M.A.Sholokhov; scientists
D.I. Mendeleev,A.S. Popov,
I.P. Pavlov .
After visiting Rostov
in 1831 A.S. Pushkin published his poem
“The Don” which was dedicated
to our land.
The monument to A.S.
Pushkin Boulevard reminds us about those events. The life and activities of
Martiros Saryan, a brilli-
ant Armerican painter, is
also closely connected which Rostov-
-on-Don.
.
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