Министерство образования Московской области
Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего образования
Московской области
«Государственный гуманитарно-технологический университет»
Промышленно-экономический колледж
Методическое
пособие по аналитическому чтению для студентов
технических
специальностей
английский язык
Составила:преподаваль английского языка
ГаврищукИ.А.
|
г.Орехово-Зуево
2017г.
Организация-разработчик:
Государственное образовательное
учреждение высшего образования Московской области «Государственный
гуманитарно-технологический университет»
Промышленно-экономический колледж
ГГТУ
Разработчики:
Гаврищук И.А., преподаватель ПЭК ГГТУ
Рассмотрено на заседании методической комиссии общеобразовательных
дисциплин
Протокол № __ от _______________201__ г.
Председатель комиссии ____________________ И.А.
Гаврищук
Согласовано:
Методист ____________________ М.Ю. Сафонова
Утверждаю:
Зам. директора по УР ___________________ Заплетина
Е.П.
Содержание
Пояснительная записка. 4
COMPUTER
REVOLUTION.. 5
PETROLEUM:
WHAT IS IT? HOW WAS IT CREATED?. 7
WHAT
IS IT USED FOR?. 7
WORKER
GETS ENGINEER'S DIPLOMA.. 9
SMOKING
AND CANCER.. 11
THE
NOBEL PRIZE. 14
MICHAEL
FARADAY.. 17
My
First Flight 20
The
History of the Hot Air Balloon. 21
The
Launching. 21
The
Flight 21
The
Landing. 22
The
Living Planet 22
VOCABULARY: 22
LEXIS. 23
THREE GENERAL KINDS OF
CLOUDS. 25
Lanquaqe
Skills. 26
Данное учебно-методическое пособие по
дисциплине «Иностранный язык» разработано для студентов ПЭК ГГТУ, обучающихся
по специальностям: 09.02.01 Программирование в компьютерных системах, 09.02.01 Компьютерные
системы и комплексы, 13.02.11Техническая эксплуатация и обслуживание
электрического и электромеханического оборудования (по отраслям), 13.02.02
Теплотехники, 09.02.06 Сетевое и системное администрирование, 09.02.07
Информационные системы и программирование.
Пособие представляет собой сборник текстов для
чтения технической направленности по специальности с заданиями к ним.
Основными целями данного пособия являются
развитие у студентов, обучающихся техническим специальностям, умения читать
специализированную литературу, расширять лексический запас, совершенствовать
лексико-грамматические навыки, полученные на уроках. Использование данного
пособия способствует формированию навыка перевода специализированных текстов и
использования терминологии в устных высказываниях. Задания к текстам
предусматривают развитие у студентов умений читать с целью поиска нужной
информации, а также с полным пониманием прочитанного.
Содержание данного учебно-методическое
пособия направлено на формирование лингвистической, социолингвистической и предметной
компетенций обучающихся.
Для облегчения работы пособие снабжено
словарем после каждого текста.
Данное учебное пособие может быть использовано
как для аудиторной работы со студентами, так и для самостоятельной работы
студентов.
50 years ago people didn't even heard of computers,
and today we cannot imagine life without them.
Computer technology is the fastest—growing industry in
the world. The first computer was the size of a minibus and weighed a ton.
Today, its job can be done by a chip the size of a pin head. And the revolution
is still going on.
Very soon we'll have computers that we'll wear on our
wrists or even in our glasses and earrings.
The next generation of computers will be able to talk
and even think for themselves. They will contain electronic "neural
networks". Of course, they'll be still a lot simpler than human brains,
but it will be a great step forward. Such computers will help to diagnose
illnesses, find minerals, identify criminals and control space travel.
Some people say that computers are dangerous, but I
don't agree with them.
They save a lot of time. They seldom make mistakes.
It's much faster and easier to surf the Internet than to go to the library.
On—line shopping makes it possible to find exactly
what you want at the best price, saving both time and money.
E—mail is a great invention, too. It's faster than
sending a letter and cheaper than sending a telegram.
All in all, I strongly believe that computers are a
useful tool. They have changed our life for the better. So why shouldn't we
make them work to our advantage?
Vocabulary
computertechnology —компютерныетехнологии
industry —отрасльпромышленности,
индустрияminibus —микроавтобус
toweigh [wei] —
весить
ton —тонна
chip —чип, микросхема
pinhead —булавочнаяголовка
wrist [rist] —
запястье
tosave [seiv] —
экономить
tosurf [s3:f] theInternet —искать,"бродить" по Интернету
on-line—shopping — покупки через Интернет
(Интернет магазин)
exactly —именното
price [prais] —
цена
generation —поколение
tocontain —содержать
neuralnetwork —нейроннаясеть
human —человеческий
brain [brein] —
мозг
step [step] —
шаг
todiagnose —ставитьдиагноз
toidentify —опознавать
criminal [ ‘kriminl]
— преступник
dangerous —опасный
e—mail [‘i: meil] —
электроннаяпочта
invention —изобретение
allinall —вобщем
tool [tu:l] —
инструмент
Sowhyshouldn'twemake
them work to our advantage? зд.—Почемубыихнезаставитьработатьнанас?
Questions
1. Have
you got a computer?
2. Do
you think it's a useful tool?
3. Will
computers become smaller in the future?
4. Can the
Internet help you to do your homework?
5. Can
computers help us to learn foreign languages?
6. Do
you play computer games?
7. What
are the advantages of on—line shopping?
8. What
are the advantages of e—mail?
9. Do
you think that computers are bad for health?
10. Some
people have made friendstfirough the Internet. What about you?
11. Some
people say that computers make us less sociable. Do you agree?
12. What will
the next generation of computers be able to do
We all know how important energy is. People get energy from
many different sources, such as coal, natural gas, wood, and the sun; however,
the most common type of energy source in most industrial societies is
petroleum.
You are going to read a text that will answer the following
questions about petroleum:
(1) What is petroleum?
(2) How was it created?
(3) How is it used today?
How important do you think petroleum is to people all over
the world? Why do you think so? (4) Petroleum is а very important mineral. It
gives us heat and light. It also gives us power for our cars, planes, and
ships. It gives us power for machines of all kinds.
How was petroleum created?
Scientists believe petroleum was formed from the remains of
plants and animals. These plants and animals lived and died millions of years
ago (Remains are what is left after a plant or animal has died.)
What exactly is petroleum? Petroleum is a mineral that is a
mixture of hydrocarbons. It is an oily liquid which may be brown, green, or
black in color. The word "petroleum" comes from Latin and Greek. It
means "rock oil"
Crude oil is petroleum that comes directly from deep in the
ground. It is then taken to a refinery. A refinery is a kind of factory with
equipment in it to refine oil At a refinery the crude oil is purified and
separated into its various parts.
From the refined petroleum we obtain important products,
such as gasoline, kerosene, fertilizers, detergents, plastics, drugs, and
perfumes. These are just a few of the thousands of useful products we get from
this valuable mineral petroleum.
to create – to make; to
produceHow was petroleum created?
mixture –
combinationPetroleum is a mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons.
liquid – fluidPetroleum
is an oily liquid which may be brown, green, or black in color.
ground– the surface of
the earthCrude oil is petroleum that comes directly from deep in the ground.
to purify – to cleanThe
crude oil is purified and separated into its various parts.
to obtain – to getFrom
the refined petroleum we obtain important products, such as gasoline, kerosene,
fertilizers, detergents, plastics, drugs, and perfumes.
A. Answer the questions.
1. What is petroleum that comes directly
from the ground called?
2. Where is crude oil purified?
3. What does the word petroleum mean in
Latin?
4. What is one natural mixture of
hydrocarbons called.
5. What is an important product we get from
petroleum?
B. True–False Quiz.
1. Petroleum provides power for cars, bur
not planes.
2. Petroleum was formed from the remains
of plants and animals that died several years ago.
3. Petroleum may be black, green, or brown
in color.
4. We obtain gasoline from refined
petroleum.
5. We get thousands useful products from
petroleum.
At last the long awaited day came
when Rudolf had to present his graduation project for a power engineer's diploma.
The members of the State Examination Commission listened attentively to
Rudolf's explanations. He was a student at an evening section r>f the power
engineering department of the Riga Polytechnical Institute. -
"What prompted you in the choice
of your diploma work?" the chairman asked.
"The experience of my own
work," Rudolf answered.
Rudolf had come to the enterprise
as an ordinary fitter after leaving a seven-year school. He had-a thirst for
knowledge, and soon understood that he could not become a qualified worker
without specialized study.
So he entered the evening
department of the Riga electromechanical secondary school. Soon he realized how
helpful was the theoretical knowledge he received. He started to apply this
knowledge to his work and developed very rapidly.
When he graduated from the
technical school, he decided to go on studying and so, year after year, he
worked in the daytime and studied at the institute in the evening. Many
temptations had to be overcome — even visits to cinemas and theatres were rare.
But today Rudolf is happy. He has passed his graduation examinations with
honours and has become a qualified engineer. Rudolf says that even now he is
not going to stop studying, but plans to take a post-graduate course.
Memorize the Following Words and Word Combinations
diploma [di'ploums] диплом, свидетельство
diploma work дипломнаяработа
graduate['graedjueit] (fromили без предлога) окончить учебное заведение
graduation examinations выпускныеэкзамены
to pass the examination with
honours сдать экзамены на отлично
graduation project дипломныйпроект
evening section
evening department вечернееотделение
experience[iks'pianans]
(жизненный) опыт
enterprise[entapraiz]
предприятие
to become a worker статьрабочим
technical school техникум
specialized[spejilaizd] secondary school среднееспециальноеучебное
заведение
electro-mechanical secondary
school электро-механический
техникум
to take a post-graduate course поступить в аспирантуру
A. Answer the following
questions to the text "Worker Gets Engineer's Diploma":
1. Who listened
to Rudolf's explanations?
2. What
prompted Rudolf in the choice of his diploma work?
3. What was his
profession after he left a seven-year school?
4. Why did he
decide to enter the evening department of the Riga electro-mechanical
secondary school?
5. Where did
he study after graduating from the technical school?
6. How did he
pass his graduation examinations?
7. What are
his plans for the future?
B. Retell the text "Worker
Gets Engineer's Diploma".
Americans smoke six thousand
million cigarettes every year (1970 figures). This is roughly the equivalent of
4195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country 18 years or older. It is
estimated that 51% of American men smoke compared with 34% of American women.
Since 1939, numerous scientific studies have been
conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the
evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk.
Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt
that tobacco smoking, particularly cigarette smoking is associated with a
shortened life expectancy.
Cigarette smoking is believed
by most research workers to be an important factor in the development of cancer
of the lungs and throat and is believed to be related to cancer of the bladder
and the oral cavity. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart
disease than non–smoking males. (Female smokers are thought to be less affected
because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.) The majority of physicians
and researchers consider these relationships proved to their satisfaction and say,
"Give up smoking, If you don't smoke – don't start!"
Some competent physicians and
research workers – though their small number is dwindling even further are less
sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They consider the increase
in respiratory diseases and various forms of cancer may possibly be explained
by other factors in the complex human environment – atmospheric pollution,
increased nervous stress, chemical substances in processed food, or chemical
pesticides that are now being used by farmers in vast quantities to destroy
insects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases, they
say, may also, by coincidence, live in industrial areas, or eat more canned
food. Gradually, however, research is isolating all other. Possible factors and
proving them to be statistically irrelevant. Apart from statistics, it might be
helpful to look at what smoking tobacco actually does to the human body. Smoke
is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash, and other solids.
There is also nicotine, which is a powerful poison, and black tar. As the smoke
is breathed in all these components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs
and cancer begins at this point.
Smoking also affects the
heart and blood vessels. It is known to be related to Berger’s disease, a
narrowing of the small veins in the hands and feet that can cause great pain
and lead even to amputation of limbs. Smokers also die much more often from
heart disease.
While all tobacco smoking
affects life expectancy and health, cigarette smoking appears to have a much
greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. However, nicotine consumption is not
diminished by the latter forms, and current research indicates a causal
relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat.
Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer,
but they can only marginally reduce, not eliminate the hazards.
A. Say whether the following statements are true or false according
to the information given in the passage.
1. According to 1970 figures there are twice as many men
smokers as women smokers in the United States.
2. In 1939 numerous scientific studies proved smoking causes
fatal diseases.
3. In spite of consistent evidence that smoking is most
probably a serious health risk, scientists are still not in a position to prove
absolutely that it actually causes life–shortening diseases.
4. Some research workers in the field of smoking and disease
do not believe smoking to be necessarily an important factor in the development
of cancer of the longs and larynx.
5. Female smokers are probably less affected by heart
disease because they inhale the smoke less deeply.
6. A small number of physicians and research workers think
that the increase in respiratory diseases and various forms of cancer may
be caused by other factors in the complex human environment.
7. One of the major difficulties of research into human
health problems is the difficulty of isolating particular, individual factors
from the complex human environment.
8. Tobacco smoke is a mixture of two poisonous gases.
9. Since the elements of tobacco smoke are deposited in
large amounts at the point where the bronchus divides, and since this is the
point where most long cancer starts, we can logically conclude that tobacco
smoking is definitely the cause of long cancer.
10. Cigar and pipe smokers
consume marginally less nicotine than cigarette smokers.
B. Find the following words in the passage and
select the meaning you think is most likely to correspond among the choices
given.
1. roughly
a) approximately b) rudely c)
impolitely d) exactly
2. consistent
a) slow b)
conclusively proved c) steadily similar d) mixed
3. dwindling
a) insignificant b) increasing c)
decreasing d) investigating
4. processed
a) factory treated b) hygienically
packed c) stored d) constructed
5.pesticides
a) fertilizers b) animal
foods c) pest killers d) weed killers
6.develop
a) are attacked by b) encourage c)
progress d) improve
7. deposits
a) accumulations b) protective
coatings c) savings d) gases
8. concentration
a) irritation b) maximum
build–up c) attention d) division
9. amputation
a) cutting off b) disease c)
curing d) discomfort
10. marginally
a) greatly b) slightly c)
unevenly d) written in the margin
C. Fill in the numbered
blanks from the selection of words given below. The correct choices will
complete the sense of this summary of the reading passage.
In 1970 nearly half the __(1) population of the U.S.A. were
smokers, in __(2) the fact that medical research has shown beyond reasonable
doubt that smoking is associated with poor health. One very important disease
with __(3) smoking is thought to be connected, is __(4). __(5), a few doctors
think such things as bronchitis and cancer have other __(6), __(7) their view
is not well–supported statistically. Although all forms of __(8) are almost
certainly dangerous, cigarettes appear to be the most harmful.
1. a) male b) total c) adult
2. a) addition to b) spite of c) agreement with
3. a) whom b) what c) which
4. a) bladder b) cancer c) oral cavity
5. a) However b) Also c) Indeed
6. a) results b) effects c) causes
7. a) and b) but c) so
8. a) disease b) smoking c) cancer
(1833 – 1896)
The Nobel Prize is one of the
greatest honors in the world today. Once a year, people win this prize for
their work in science, medicine, literature, economics, or world peace. Each
winner receives a gold medal, a diploma, and about $1 million. They also earn
the respect of people around the world.
Nobel Prize winners receive
their awards at ceremonies in Stockholm, Sweden, and Oslo, Norway, on December
10, the anniversary of the death of Alfred Nobel. Nobel was a scientist and
inventor. In his will, he left his fortune to create the Nobel Prize. Nobel
wanted people to remember him as a man of peace, but in his lifetime he was
most famous for building weapons of war.
Alfred Nobel was born in 1833
in Stockholm, Sweden. His father, Immanuel, was an inventor. After Alfred was
born, his father went to Russia to work. He worked with the government and made
machinery and explosives. Several years later, Immanuel moved his family to
Russia. Alfred and his two older brothers were interested in science and
enjoyed watching their father in the laboratory.
When Alfred was 17 years old,
he traveled to the United States and several European countries to study. Then
he returned to Russia to work with his father and his brothers. They worked on
explosive weapons of the Russian military. At that time, the military used only
one type of explosive–gunpowder. Then a chemistry professor showed the Nobels a
heavy, oily liquid they could use in their work. It was called nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin was a powerful explosive, but it was dangerous to work with.
Alfred and his father
experimented with nitroglycerin. Finally, in 1863, Alfred invented a way to
make it more safe. Scientists everywhere praised his work. Nitroglycerin had
many good uses. Workers used it to build roads through mountains and to
construct mines deep in the earth.
Nobel's invention was not
perfect, however. Nitroglycerin exploded if someone dropped it or used it
incorrectly. Sometimes it leaked from the cans. Sometimes workers used the oily
liquid on wheels or to clean their shoes! This often caused accidents and
injuries. After a while, some governments started to ban nitroglycerin because
it was dangerous.
The Nobels continued to
experiment to make nitroglycerin safer. Unfortunately, in September 1864,
Alfred's brother, Emil, was killed in an explosion in their laboratory. After
the accident, Immanuel had a stroke and was paralyzed. He died eight years
later, on the same day Emil had died.
Alfred Nobel wanted to make
nitroglycerin safe. He built a new laboratory and continued his work. In 1867,
he discovered a new material to mix with the nitroglycerin. This material made
the nitroglycerin safer and more effective. He called his new invention
"dynamite"
Nobel built factories all
over the world. He continued his experiments and developed new and more
powerful explosives. He also became interested in weapons. He developed a new
type of gunpowder as well as other materials. Nobel became very wealth. Many
people said he was a bad person because he invented destructive weapons. But he
believed that nations would stop wars if they had weapons that could destroy
each other.
In 1888, Alfred Nobel’s older
brother, Ludwig, died. A newspaper story confused him with Alfred and called
him “the merchant of death." This upset Alfred very much. He wanted people
to remember him as a man of peace. Seven years later he wrote out his will and
created the Nobel Prize. When he died in 1896, people called his will the
greatest gift ever made by one person. Since 1901, men and women from around
the world have received Nobel Prizes for their great achievements. People
everywhere to remember Alfred Nobel for his efforts к make the world a better
and more peaceful place.
A. Circle the letter of the best answer.
1.
The Nobel brothers __ .
a)
all had different careers
b)
worked with their father
c) didn't like their work
2.
During Alfred Nobel's lifetime, many people__ .
a)
won the Nobel Prize
b)
didn't like his inventions
c) received money from him
3.
Alfred Nobel created the Nobel Prize because __ .
a)
he wanted people to remember him in a good way
b)
he wanted to honor his father
c)
he wanted people to know he had a lot of money
B. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks
1. Each winner of the Nobel Prize receives ________
, ________ and ________.
2. Alfred's father went to work in ________ and then
moved his family there.
3. Before Alfred went to work with his father and
brothers, he went to ________ and ________.
4. In 1864, Emil Nobel died in an explosion in their
________.
5. When Alfred Nobel discovered a way to make
nitroglycerin safe, he called his new invention ________.
6. Men and women around the world have received Nobel
Prizes since ________.
C. True–False Quiz.
1. Alfred Nobel's inventions were used only by the
military.
2. Alfred Nobel didn't care about other people's
opinions of him.
3. Alfred Nobel didn't work after Emil's death.
D. Match the words with their meanings.
1.
merchant
2.
weapon
3.
stroke
4.
ban
5.
paralyzed
6.
explosives
7.
destructive
8.
effective
|
a)
something used to fight with
b)
damage to the brain that causes loss of movement in parts of the body
c)
person who buys and sells goods
d)
materials used to blow up things
e)
not able to move
f)
able to destroy something
g)
producing the result you want
h)
to stop, or not allow
|
E. Work with a partner and answer these questions. Use complete
sentences.
1. What are
explosives used for?
2. What are
some modern weapons?
3. What are
some things that are banned?
4. What
things are hard for paralyzed people to do?
5. What are
some things that are destructive?
6. What is
the most effective way to learn new vocabulary?
F. Tell the story
Work with a partner. Tell the story
of Alfred Nobel to your partner. Use your own words. Your partner can ask you
questions about the story. Then, your partner tells you the story and you ask
questions.
G. Discuss the answers to these questions with your classmates.
1. What are some other ways to
honor people who have done important things!
2. Nobel Prizes are given for
science, medicine, literature, economics, and world peace. If you could add
another category, what would it be?
3. Should the government let people
carry guns?
H. On a separate piece of paper, write six sentences or a short
paragraph.
Describe: something that is
dangerous.
Example: The air in my hometown,
Tokyo, is dangerous, there is a lot of pollution
(1791–1867)
One day in 1821 a young
scientist was experimenting in his laboratory with some wire and a magnet.
Placing the magnet in a small coil of the wire, he passed an electric current
through the coil. Suddenly the coil began to turn round.
That was the first electric
motor, the model of all the powerful motors that drive the machinery in our
factories today. The young scientist was Michael Faraday, the son of a blacksmith,
born in 1791. For several years he was laboratory assistant to Sir Humphry
Davy, the great English chemist, inventor of the miners’ safety–lamp. Faraday’s
earliest discoveries and experiments were in the field of chemistry, but
electricity was always his main interest.
About 1821 he began
experimenting in electricity. At that time many scientists were trying to
discover how magnetism and electricity were related. It was known that a magnet
could be made by twisting wire round a bar of iron and passing an electric
current through the wire. Ampere, the famous French scientist, showed by his
experiments that an electric current could produce the same effects as a
magnet.
Faraday wanted to answer the
following question: if an electric current can produce magnetism, cannot a
magnet produce an electric current?
After many years of hard work
he was able to show that when a magnet is placed near a coil of wire it makes
an electric current flow for a moment through the wire. He also discovered that
when an electric current is passed through one of two parallel wires it makes
another electric current flow for a moment in the other wire. On the ground of
those discoveries, he built a machine which generated a continuous electric
current and called it a “dynamo”. That was the model of the great dynamos that
provide light and heat for our cities today and produce electric current to
drive our electric current trains and machinery of every kind. Yet, while
Faraday was making his discoveries, the first steam trains were
running in England and most
people were using oil–lamps to light their homes.
Year after year Faraday experimented in electricity discovering many of
the laws of electricity and magnetism. He died on the 25th of August, 1867.
wire – провод;
coilofthewire
– катушкаизпроволоки;
blacksmith – кузнец;
miner’ssafety–lamp
– шахтёрскаябезопаснаялампочка;
bytwistingwireroundabarofiron
– путём наматывания провода вокруг металлического стержня;
oil–lamps – керосиновыелампы.
One thing is certain about the public transport of the future: it must be more efficient than it is today. The time is coming when it will be quicker to fly across the Atlantic to New York than to travel from home to office. The two men problems are: what vehicle shall we use and how can we plan our use of it?
There are already some modern vehicles which are not yet in common use, but which may become a usual means of transport in the future. One of these is the small electric car: we go out into the street, find an empty car, get into it, drive to our destination, get out and leave the car for the next person who comes along. In fact, there may be no need to drive these cars. With an automatic guidance system for cars being developed, it will be possible for us to select our destination just as today we select a telephone number, and our car will move automatically to the address we want.
For long journeys in private cars one can also use an automatic guidance system. Arriving at the motorway, a driver will select the lane he wishes to use, switch over to automatic driving, and then relax — dream, read the newspaper, have a meal, flirt with his passenger — while the car does the work for him. Unbelievable ?It is already possible. Just as in many ships and aircraft today we are piloted automatically for the greater part of the journey, so in the future we can also have this luxury in our own cars.
A decade ago, the only thing electronic on most automobiles was the radio. But at present sophisticated electronics is playing a big part in current automotive research. For example, in every gasoline-powered car that General Motors Corporation makes there is a small computer continuously monitoring the exhaust. The device, about the size of a pack of cigarettes, adjusts the vehicle carburetor fuel intake to get the best fuel economy. Ford cars are equipped with an electronic instrument panel that, among other things, will calculate how far one can drive on the fuel left in the tank. It will also estimate the time of arrival at destination and tell the driver what speed he has averaged since turning on the ignition.
According to specialists these features made possible by microelectronics are only the beginning. Radar may control the brakes to avoid collisions, and a display screen may show the car's position on the road. Recently a radar to be mounted on lorries and cars has been designed in the USA. The radar aerial looks like a third headlight placed directly above the bumper. Having summed up the information about the speed and distance of various objects ahead, the computer detects all possible dangers and their nature. A third component in the system is a monitor on the instrument panel. The radar only observes objects ahead of the vehicle. It is automatically turned on when the speed exceeds ten miles an hour. The green light on the panel indicates that the system is on. The yellow light warns of stationary objects ahead, or something moving slower than the car. The red light and buzzer warn that the speed should go down. Another red light and sound signal make the driver apply the brakes.
A Japanese company is designing a car of a new generation. When completed, the new model will have a lot of unusual characteristics. The car's four-wheel control system will ensure movement diagonally and even sideways, like a crab, at right angles to the longitudinal axis. This is especially important when leaving the car in parking places.
Notes to the Text
1. lane — ряд
2. gasoline-powered — с бензиновым
двигателем
3. fuel intake — впрыск топлива
4. among other things — кроме всего прочего
5. what speed he has averaged — какова была его средняя скорость
6. pressure ring — уплотнительное кольцо
7. piston ring — поршневое кольцо
THE COMPREHENSION CHECK
A. Answer the
Questions
1. What is the text about? 2. What kind of a
car may be in common use in the near future? 3. How will a public electric car
operate? 4. How will it operate on a motorway? 5. What electronic devices are
there in a modern car? 6. What electronic devices does General Motors
Corporation offer for a car? 7. What electronic devices are Ford cars equipped
with? 8. Can a radar be used in a car? What will its functions be? 9. What
functions will a Japanese car of a new generation have? 10. What materials do
the Japanese offer to use for car motors?
В.
True-False Quiz
1. An automatic guidance system
was developed for the electric car.
2. Small electric cars are in
common use.
3. Many ships and aircrafts are
piloted automatically for the greater part of the journey.
4. Usually having arrived at a
motorway, a driver switches over to automatic control and relaxes.
5. A decade ago there were many
electronic things in the cars.
6. There is no future for
microelectronics in automobiles.
7. Recently a radar to be mounted
on lorries and cars has been designed in the USA.
8. A new ceramic engine has been
developed in France.
HEAD IN THE CLOUDS
OUR CORRESPONDENT TAKES OFF
Before you read
get sure you know:
as –
так как, когда, по мере того как
nolonger –
больше не
todevelop –
создавать, разрабатывать
as a result –
врезультате
as is more often the case – какбываетчаще
first… then –
сначала… потом
actual – истинный
both… and – и… и
in order to – длятогочтобы
to control – управлять
few –
мало
My first
flight in a hot air balloon was on a still, cold, January afternoon. As the
groundreceded,thepilotandIwatchedmychildrenleapingaboutandwaving.Suddenlytheynolongerseemedreal.Theybecametinydollsinatoyvillage.WeflewovermanysmalltownsandvillagesthatafternoonbutmylastingmemoryisofflyingverylowoverManningtreeMarsh.AsIchattedtosomeastonishedfishermenIwasamazedbythebeautyoftheballoon’sreflectioninthewater.Realityreturnedwiththelandingwhichwashardandbruising.Thebruisesdidn’tmatter.IknewfromthatafternoononthatIwantedtospendasmuchtimeasIcouldwithballoons.
to recede–togetaway
toleap–tojump
towave–tomoveahandintheair
tochat–totalk
tobeamazed–tobesurprised
abruise–aredandbluemarkontheskin
The
modern hot air balloon is made from multi-coloured, synthetic material. It is
lifted into the sky by hot air provided by propane gas burners. All moderncrafthavebeendevelopedfromaUnitedStatesgovernmentproject.Thisprojectprovedthathotairballooningismuchcheaperthantraditionalhydrogengasballooning.
Asaresultoftheproject,therewasarapidcommercialdevelopmentofballoons.Now,thousandsofmenandwomen,ofallagesandprofessions,havebeenattractedtothesport.Itcanbeenjoyedatahighlevelofcompetitionorasismoreoftenthecase,forsheerpleasure.
craft–airships
toattract–tointerest
sheerpleasure–enjoyment
Launching the ballooncanbegreatfun,withateamofhelpersworkingundertheinstructionsofthepilot.Thelaunchsiteneednotbeveryspecial–itisusuallyafield–butitshouldnotbenearanypowerlinesandshouldbewell-shelteredfromstrongwinds.Firsttheriggingwiresareattachedtothebasketandthehelpersarecorrectlyplaced.Thenthereisamomentofpuremagicasfirstcoldairthenhotairareblownintotheballooncanopy.Itexpandsintoabeautiful,naturalshapeandrisesfromtheground,heldsteadyabovethebasket.Atthemomentoftake-offthereisnoactualfeelingoflift.Itisasifthegrounddropssmoothlyaway.
tolaunchaballoon–tosenditintheair
fun–pleasure
asite–anarea
riggingwires–fixingthinlongpiecesofmetal
toattach–tojointogether
The flight experience is not allstillnessandquiet.Thepropaneburnersareblastinghotairintothecanopyeverytwentysecondsand,likeallsports,thereisanelementofdangerinbothcompetitionandpleasureflying.Thecompetitionpilotwilltakecalculatedrisksinordertodropthecraftpreciselyontarget.Thelessexperiencedleisurepilotmightbecaughtupinunexpectedweatherconditionswhichmaketheballoondifficulttocontrol.Allballoonistsknowtherisksandtrytoprepareforthem.IntheUnitedKingdomtherehavebeenfewaccidentsandonlyonefatality.
stillness–silence
target–(here)placeoflanding
aleisurepilot–theonewhofliesforpleasure
Every onegainssomethingdifferentfromtheexperienceofflyinginahotairballoon.Aswepackedtheballoonawayaftermyfirstflightwewerehelpedbymanypeoplewhohadfollowedourflightacrossthecountryintheircars.Theytoohadbeenaffectedbythebeautyoftheexperienceandwantedtobeneartheballoon.Perhapstheyknewthattheyweretouchingmagic.
togain–toget
experience–practice
totouchsmth–toputahandonsmthtofeelit
Like other planets the Earth
moves around the sun. But the Earth is different from all the other planets in
our solar system. It is well known that life exists only on the Earth. But life
does not exist everywhere on the Earth. The surface of our planet in which
organisms can live is called "the biosphere". The biosphere includes
all the places where life exists: sea, sky and land. The soil on which plants
grow and the oxygen we breathe are produced by living things. The biosphere
extends vertically to a height of 10.000m (ten thousand metres). above the
surface of the earth. In the opposite direction it extends to 5.000m (five
thousand metres) below the surface of the sea. It extends to several hundred
metres below the land surface. The biosphere depends on the sun's energy
directly or indirectly. Energy is important to all living things:
microorganisms, complex plants or complex animals.
soil
|
почва
|
grow
|
расти
|
oxygen
|
кислород
|
breathe
|
дышать
|
thing
|
вещь, нечто
|
extend
|
простираться
|
several
|
несколько
|
below
|
ниже (уровня)
|
hundred
|
сто
|
height
|
высота
|
opposite
|
напротив
|
thousand
|
тысяча
|
complex
|
сложный
|
plant
|
растение
|
animal
|
животное
|
VOCABULARY:
other другой
different from отличный от
good хороший
well хорошо
everywhere везде
surface поверхность
can мочь
include включать в себя
place место
sky небо
sea море
land суша
1. VocabularyNotes
important
[im’po;t(9)nt]adjважный, значительный important fact important people
importance
[im’po:t(o)ns] n важность,
значение a fact of great importance a fact of no importance
depend
[di’pend]v (on, upon) зависеть, обусловливаться
depending on the situation
sciences depend upon one another
pendontlас// зависимый,
зависящий
dependent on the weather
exist
[ig’zist]v 1. быть, существовать
Does life exist on Mars?
2.жить, существовать We cannot exist without air.
existence [ig’zistans]n 1.
существование, наличие the existence
of civilization in existence
2.жизнь, существование
Air and water are necessary for existence.
existent [ig’zistant]adjсуществующий, реальный
know [’nou]v 1. знать, иметьпонятие, бытьвкурсе
to know the way to know smth. about smb.
2.обладатьзнаниями
to know smth. thoroughly to know smth. by heart
knowingf’nouip]adjзнающий, понимающий knowing look
knowledge [’nodicfc]n1.
знание, познания, эрудиция
knowledge of life
2.осведомлённость,
сведения to the best of my knowledge
3.знакомство
My knowledge of Mr. X is very
slight, known adjизвестный
a well-known person t
produce [pra’djus]v 1.
предъявлять, предоставлять to produce
one’s ticket
2.ставить пьесу,
финансировать производство кинофильмаtoproduce a newplay
3.производить,
вырабатывать toproducesteel
producer
[pra’dju:sa]n 1.
производитель, изготовитель
2.
режиссёр-постановщик
product [’prodakt]n1. продукт, продукция, изделиеfarmproducts
2. результатhis
book is the product of several years of research
production [pra’dAkf(a)n]n
1. производство, изготовление, выработка mass production
2. продукция,
продукт, изделие a production of
genius productive [pro’dnktiv] adjпроизводительный, npодуктивный, плодовитый productive oil-field
productive forces productive soil productive writer
productivity [pradAk’tiviti]nпроизводительностпродуктивность
2. Measures
weigh - weight
high - height
long - length
wide - width
deep - depth
3. Antonyms
important
dependence
known
existence
below
good
well
4. Word Formation
adverb forming suffix: adjective +
-ly
vertical - vertically
direct - directly
bad - badly
clear - clearly
good - well
hard – hard
PRONUNCIATION PRACTICE
1.Read the words; add some words from the text each column and
read them properly.
1 тип
|
2 тип
|
3 тип
|
4 тип
|
слога
|
слога
|
слога
|
слога
|
face
|
action
|
sharp
|
parents
|
complete
|
set
|
term
|
here
|
provide
|
sympathy
|
dirty
|
hire
|
hope
|
long
|
north
|
glory
|
music
|
struggle
|
church
|
cure
|
[nJ
|
[w]
|
[0]
|
[i:J
|
knife
|
why
|
thought
|
tea
|
knight
|
when
|
thing
|
leaf
|
Reading Preparation
Clouds play an important part in the earth’s weather. They bring
the earth water in the form of rain an4 snow. The fluffy white clouds we see
across a blue sky and the colorful clouds we see at sunset are also part of the
beauty of nature. Not all clouds, however, are beautiful. Some clouds bring
destruction and even death.
There are three major kinds of clouds. Do you know what these
three types of clouds are? You’re going to read to a talk about the three major
classes of clouds, and about the kinds of clouds that are in each of the three
classes.
A. Initial
Reading
A cloud consists of tiny drops of water or ice crystals. It floats
in the air. Clouds are grouped into classes according to their height above the
ground. There are three major groups of clouds: there are low clouds, there are
middle clouds, and there are high clouds.
The low clouds float less than 6,000 feet or 1,800 meters above
sea level. There are two kinds of low clouds. The two kinds of low clouds
consist of stratus and stratocumulus clouds. The stratus clouds cover the sky
like a white blanket. They bring rain or snow. The stratocumulus clouds cover
the sky with large rounded masses.
The middle clouds usually lie from 6,000 to 20,000 feet above sea
level. Six thousand to 20,000 feet is about 1,800 to 6,100 meters above sea
level. Middle clouds are grouped into three subclasses. They are grouped into
altostratus, altocumulus, and nimbostratus. An altostratus cloud forms a
smooth white sheet across the sky. Nimbostratus clouds form a smooth gray
layer across the sky.
In the third category of clouds are the high clouds. High clouds
are found 20,000 feet above the earth, or higher.
There are three kinds of high clouds. There are cirrus clouds,
cirrostratus clouds, and cirrocumu- lus clouds. All high clouds are formed
entirely of ice crystals. The middle and low clouds are mainly water droplets.
No two clouds are exactly the
same. They are always changing their shape or form. Clouds are interesting to
scientists, to artists, and to picnickers.
В. Mental Rehearsal and Review of the Talk A cloud
consists of tiny drops of water or ice crystals.
A cloud floats in the air.
Clouds are grouped according to their height above the
ground.
There are three major groups of clouds.
There are low clouds, middle clouds, and high clouds.
The low clouds float less than 6,000 feet above sea level.
The low clouds float less than 1,800 meters above sea level.
There are two kinds of low clouds.
The middle clouds are 6,000 to 20,000 feet above sea level.
The middle clouds are 1,800 to 6,100 meters above sea level.
Middle clouds are grouped into three sub-. classes.
The third category of clouds is the
high clouds. High clouds are 20,000 feet or more above the earth.
There are three kinds of high clouds.
High clouds are formed entirely of ice crystals. Middle and
low clouds are mainly water droplets.
No two clouds are the same.
They are always changing their shape.
THE COMPREHENSION CHECK
A. Answer the Questions
1. How are clouds classified?
2. At what height above sea level are low clouds found?
3. Which group of clouds is usually found between 6,000
and 20,000 feet above sea level?
4. What do all high clouds consist of?
5. Which kinds of people are interested in clouds?
B. True-False Quiz
1. Clouds are grouped into classes according to their
size.
2. The clouds that are closest to the earth are the
middle clouds.
3. Stratocumulus clouds are one kind of low clouds.
4. The middle clouds usually float between 1,800 and
6,100 meters above sea level.
5. One of the subclasses of middle clouds is called
altostratus clouds by sceintists.
6. There are three kinds of clouds that float higher
than 20,000 feet above the ground.
7. All high clouds are formed partly of ice crystals.
8. Low, middle, and high clouds are mainly water
droplets.
9. Clouds are always changing their color.
10. Scientists and picnickers are interested in clouds
for the same reasons.
Список
использованной литературы
1. Куриленко Ю.
В. 400 тем по английскому языку для школьников, абитуриентов, студентов и
преподавателей. Учебное пособие. БАО-ПРЕСС Рипол Классик, Москва 2010.
2. Павлова А. В., Business English, Первое сентября
(English) №17 2007г
3. Цветкова И.В. «Английский язык для школьников
и поступающих в ВУЗы.Устный экзамен», Москва Глосса 2004
4. Malcjlm VcConnel from Reader’s digest? Первое сентября
(English) № 5 2007г.
5.
Ray Cooling, London Press Service,
2010
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